Choosing and using Natural Stone

Commercial or construction use of stone

Architects, specifiers, designers, clients; choosing and using stone is an experience and one for which we recommend you ask for professional advice. Stone is a naturally occurring material and as such, has to be chosen like no other building material. Stone Federation members are fully trained, experienced and competent professionals who should be consulted as soon as you decide to use natural stone on your project. They can advise you and prevent any costly mistakes being made before it is too late.

Architects Technical Enquiry Form

Domestic use of stone

Using stone in your home or property can enhance your living space but you must be aware of the questions to ask when making your choice of stone.

Stone, correctly selected, can enhance the value of your property and be durable, and virtually maintenance free.  However, incorrectly selected it can cause you problems. By purchasing stone you are making an investment so protect your money and get the right advice. Stone Federation suggests you always consult the experts first.

Classification

There are many different classification schemes for stone, which have prompted the industry to simplify descriptions. This has led to many problems when, for instance, a stone laid as a granite is actually found to be a different stone type altogether and does not perform as expected. The British Standard BSEN12440 (Denomination of natural stone) addresses the classification problem and insists upon the correct identification of stone type and origin. For the purposes of this guidance however, the simplified descriptions remain and it must be stressed that all stones should be considered individually for their merits in whatever use they are being considered for.

GRANITE

The term granite has been applied to almost any igneous stone that can retain a polish. True granites provide many of these stones but other types of igneous stone that may fall into this classification include syenites, gabbros, dolerites, and diorites. The metamorphic stones gneiss, schist and granulite are frequently also included in this 'granite' classification.

The formation of these igneous rocks by the slow cooling of molten minerals such as quartz, feldspar and hornblende has resulted in a wide variety of colours and grain patterns.

In the United Kingdom the quarrying of granite is concentrated in a small number of locations. Those of particular importance may be found in Devon and Cornwall, Cumbria, at Peterhead and Aberdeen and on the east coast of Scotland.

The main sources for imported granite are Scandinavia, South Africa, Sardinia, Portugal, Spain, India, North America, China and Brazil.

Applications
The interlocking crystal structure imparts both the high strength and low porosity necessary for a wide range of applications other than just flooring; these characteristics are also important in allowing successful use of slabs that are thinner than other types of stone.

Appearance
The immense colour choice includes fine and medium grained silver grey from Devon and Cornwall and fine grained pink from Scotland, whilst other countries provide dense, very fine grained materials with reflective crystals such as larvikite (e.g. blue and emerald pearl) from Norway; reds from Scandinavia and India; large grained brown from Finland; yellows from Brazil; and the delicately mottled greys, fawns and pinks from Sardinia.

The surface finish affects the appearances of granite and those available include sawn, flame textured, dolly pointed, fine axed, rough punched, honed, bush hammered and water jet. It is in the gloss polished form, however, that these granites reveal fully their colours and grain patterns.

Performance
Very hardwearing and physically strong, granite is largely unaffected by erosion, pollution or atmospheric attack.  Facades are generally self cleaning, although eye level areas benefit from occasional cleaning as for glazing.  A polished finish is almost indestructible.

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The Popular Italy Natural Stone

For 100 years, Italy has been monopolized the Italy natural stone international trade, everywhere you can see the mark above stone product is "Made In Itly" (the Italian manufacture). The Italy natural stone product has become one kind of populace product with new process technology. The technique of production make process technology to be fast. The price is unceasingly declining. And the prominent growth of natural stone expends makes the market limit of Italian natural stone profession grow unceasingly. However, because it is influenced by the financial storm and European finance crisis, the Italian natural stone has been suffering more or less influence in recent years.
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Natural Stone For Your Kitchen

Kitchen countertops are one of the most used items in your kitchen. Whether you are preparing the evening meal, storing appliances, or just enjoying that first cup of coffee in the morning, kitchen countertops serve many uses. Aside from multi-uses,  kitchen countertops are an important aesthetic element of the kitchen. One of the most popular materials is natural stone. There are a plethora of styles, types, edges and materials for natural stone countertops. Selecting the one that is right for you can prove to be a challenge. An excellent starting point is to research online as well visit your local stone fabricator to determine what style, cost, and material fit your budget.
Granite counter tops are a popular type of natural stone for kitchen counter tops. Even though granite counter tops cost significantly more than the Formica counter tops, granite counter tops are much more durable and scratch resistant than Formica or synthetic materials. Slabs of granite are used for the counter top. They are polished to a variety of finishes from a soft honed finish to a high mirror -like polish and generally available in a variety of edges, such as bull nose, beveled cut, or even chiseled. Granite countertops can offer more variety in the form of looks than compared to a Formica or synthetic material counter top.
Another option for a counter top is the tiled counter top. Similar to tiled floor, it is laid as individual tile and arranged in a number of patterns and color schemes. Installation of this type is more time consuming and difficult than the previously mentioned counter tops. Aside from installation, tiled counter tops can easily show dirt within the grout.
New kitchen counter tops made from natural stone are a great way to make a statement in your kitchen. With a wide range of pricing, materials, finishes, patterns, and more, rest assured you will be able to find a natural stone counter top that is not only functional, but also practical. Be sure to shop around and compare prices when you are looking to make a purchase for a new kitchen counter top. In the end you will not only save money on your purchase, but you will have a new natural stone kitchen counter top to complete your kitchen.
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Daltile To Bestow Natural Stone Collection

Daltile is a famous people honorable in tile and natural stone industry.Now he is planned to bring inherent beauty for natural stone through updating natural stone collection.There are exotic selections for natural stone,especially granite slab,in two colors,Saci and Talisman.These durable stone will add a touch of luxury and unmistakable quality to commercial and residential spaces.Daltile attached more important in threshold and windowsills line to increase its color palette and also to simplify the tile sizes for a more complicated offerings.some of Daltile's best-selling stones will now be available in the most desired 12 x 24 size.Daltile has added two new collections in countertops and surfacing products.Each has reflected Daltile carefully design in style and quality,affording everyone the opportunity to design with confidence.
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Care and Maintenance of Your Natural Stone

CARING FOR NATURAL STONE
Natural stones, especially calcite-based stones such as marble, travertine, limestone, and many slates & have a delicate chemical composition that may interact in "strange" (damaging) ways with the cleaning solutions that were not specifically formulated for the task. Once you know WHAT to use, all you have to do is follow some basic guidelines and your natural stone installation will give you years and years of beautiful service.

ROUTINE PREVENTIVE MEASURES

1. Use coasters under drinking glasses, particularly those containing alcohol or citrus juices to avoid etching.
2. Do not place hot items directly on the stone surface. Use trivets or mats under hot dishes.
3. Use place mats under china, silver or other objects that can scratch the surface.
4. Avoid cleaning products unless the label specifies it is safe for natural stone. This includes glass cleaners to clean mirrors over a marble vanity top or a liquid toilet bowl cleaner when the toilet sets on a marble floor.

TREATING SPILLS
Some spills will turn out to be detrimental to stone if unattended. Orange juice, lemonade, wine, vinegar, liquors, tomato sauce, yogurt, salad dressing, perfume, after shave, the wrong cleaning products and so on, through a long list, most likely won't damage "granite" and "green marble" surfaces (at least in the short run), but will ETCH polished marble, travertine, limestone, onyx, alabaster and many a slate.

Therefore,

1. DO pick up any spills as quickly as possible.
2. DON'T rub the spill, only blot it.
3. DON'T use cleaning products on or near your natural stone unless the label specifies that it is safe on natural marble (cultured marble is man-made, and it's basically a plastic material). This includes glass cleaner to clean the mirror over a marble vanity top, or a liquid toilet bowl cleaner when the toilet is set on a marble floor.

CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE VANITY TOPS

1. DO clean your vanity tops regularly with a stone-safe, soap free product. Considering the light-duty cleaning that is typically necessary on a vanity top, you can generally dilute the product in a proportion of 1:1 with tap water and it will still perform flawlessly.
2. DON'T take chances with cleaning your mirrors over your marble vanity tops with a regular glass cleaner. The over-spray could spill onto the marble surface and may damage it.

Therefore,

1. DO clean your mirror with the same solution of water and stone safe spray cleaner. Even if you over-spray it, nothing bad is going to happen to your marble. TIP Rubbing alcohol works wonders for safely cleaning mirrors and won't harm marble.
2. DON'T use any powder cleanser, or (worse yet) any cream cleanser.
3. DON'T do your nails on your marble vanity top, or color or perm your hair nearby it.
4. DON'T put any wet bottle onto it (perfume, after-shave, etc.). Keep your cosmetics and fragrances in one of those pretty mirror trays (be sure that the legs of the tray have felts tips) or other appropriate container.
5. DO use a stone polish if you want to add some extra shine to your polished stone countertop surface and help prevent soiling.

If a cleaning product was not specifically formulated to clean while NOT interacting with the chemical makeup of the stone, it is not safe to be used, period.

SEALING YOUR STONE
Let's start this important issue be explaining what a sealer for stone will do for you. Contrary to what your perception may be when you hear the word sealer, sealers for stone are all below-surface products and will not alter in any way, shape or form the original finish produced by the factory. They will not offer protection to the surface of the stone, either. They will only go inside the stone by being absorbed by it (assuming that the stone is porous enough to allow this to happen) and will clog its pores, thus reducing its natural absorbency rate. This will help prevent possible accidental spills of staining agents from being absorbed by the stone.

Also, contrary to what you may have heard, there is no blanket rule when it comes to sealing natural stone. Marble (especially all those mercantile marbles that are actually compact limestone) and travertine are NOT very porous. If you don't believe this, spill a few drops of water, say, on a polished travertine tile, and observe how long it will take to be absorbed (the area under the water would become darker). A very long time, if ever! 

On the other hand, all granites must be sealed. Granite is indeed more porous than marble and will stain if not protected with a good-quality impregnator-type stone sealer. With that said, however, keep in mind that a vast majority of stones marketed as granite are not true granite. Consequently, while it is true that real granites need to be sealed, there are many other stones being sold as granite that are in fact much denser than granite that do not need to be sealed. Some may even develop problems related to the sealer, if sealed nonetheless. At the other end of the spectrum, some other "granites" are so porous, that no sealer will do a satisfactory job at sealing them 100% or for a long time.

Sealers for stones, which are below surface, penetrating-type sealers (better referred to as impregnators), are designed to do one thing and one thing only: clog the pores of the stone to inhibit staining agents from being absorbed by it. In fact, in some instances, "weird" problems that may appear to be etching on "granite" countertops turns out to be that the residue of sealer left on the surface of the stone (nothing went inside it) was being etched, certainly not the stone. In these instances, once the sealer is professionally removed, everything is fine.

Note: Sometimes, marks of corrosion (etch marks) that an acidic substance will leave behind when coming in contact with the surface of some stones may look like water stains, or water rings, but they are neither stains, nor were they generated by water. The deriving (surface) damage has no relation whatsoever with the porosity of the stone (which determines its absorbency), but is exclusively related to its chemical makeup. No sealer in the entire world will do anything to prevent this. See the section on Stain Management for more information.

HOW MANY APPLICATIONS ARE NEEDED?
For some stones that are more porous than others, one application of sealer/impregnator may not be enough. But how will you know? Or when will you know if it is time to re-seal? On mercantile granites that need sealing, at least two applications are recommended, with at least two hours in between applications. Very porous mercantile granites, sandstone, quartzite, etc. may require three or more applications.

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Natural stone decorative paper

There is a beautiful pattern and colors of natural stone, more than other industrial products, unique charm, which provided a broad space for the designer in the design, while in the pursuit of natural places, promoting green fashion, more and more home decoration, more people are using some of the natural stone.

High-quality stone face
A good block of natural stone decorative paper depends on the quality and processing technology. High quality stone surfaces do not need too many spot colors and patterns leaves, fabric and color, no case of a sudden pale, thick and quality when suddenly there will be a lot of magic stone that can not be for compensation cover "defective "Therefore, the color pattern of the stone surface is an important indicator of the evaluation of the merits of quality. Process, such as customs, however, the finished product will appear distorted, pitted spots, stains, missing the edge of the point of view, cracking, color big line, hang Worth, etc., you can not end, "death." Processing based on professional sales of imported stone, Miss Chang, general manager of Wenjia Beijing Hyatt introduced the forward line of quality natural stone plate without patches, surface smooth and tidy, high-brightness, not rough to touch. At the same time, the choice, in addition to pay attention to choose the color of the stone surface pattern, gloss and other decorative quality performance and appearance, we must also consider the rock compressive strength, flexural strength, durability, frost resistance, wear resistance , hardness and other physical and chemical properties.
The best use of a large area of ​​light
    Although there are good stone decorative function, but also consider using the process in coordination with the surrounding environment, especially when a variety of colors. Under normal circumstances, the living room and other large "public space" best ground white, gray-brown color, and other light industrial products, because of the different furniture, light, in order to achieve the perfect combination, so you more volatile personality stage; dark The environment will be crisp, but he still has a large area or improper use will have a dull feeling, like some of the small area of ​​the table decoration and other decorative products, preferably dark, so that two can play to the finishing touch, and will not produce a feeling of mood.
The symptoms and treatment and care
Because naturally occurring pores stone, the smaller the pores, capillary action affects more solid, surface adsorption, many diseases are stone, "I hate caves." Stone as paving the ground, causing smog pollutants diseases satisfaction scale, usually two-way ": a stone from the surface, when coffee, tea, ink and other liquids and small color dust, the body's bio-corrosion difficult to clean.
Since the stone needs repair, and many stone processing enterprises and consumers, to protect the surface wax, but wax-covered surface of the stone, the stone surface will be blocked pores, and the second to maintain the existing stone surface of the wax will become a protective barrier in stone, then ground in a stone and cement or glue or chemical reaction is slow, because wet "invasion" of the body of the stone, causing the stone and color back to the base spot lesions. This "cosmetic" not only can not cure diseases, and diseases, and this is another stone disease create a "path of pollutants."
    Beautiful stone (protection) is an emerging industry in the past two years, usually through the use of curing agent to achieve professional status, saved the stone. Curing agent has a high penetration resistance, penetration in the stone add face three - 5 cm, the formation of fine crystal jack, play a protective role. According to Zhang introduction of plant breeding is the new rural construction inevitable trend of development, such as Hyatt stone industry, some large companies have a Stone in the protection measures, than the post-construction maintenance and installation of stone, the stone before use, the factory's production line can be installed in six of the stones of the stone can not deal with protection, treatment efficiency was significantly better than in the maintenance of the sidewalk.
Recently, State-certified building materials testing center four stones, stone Hyatt Beijing launched a program called "To purchase a stone, protected, caring" activities. In this event, to activate said Wing Yuquan Road, Holly Springs or building materials store to buy the company's dual-Ash store any of the marble, granite, stone, customers can free bottle of curing agent, the purchase of 50 square meters, customers can enjoy medical services are provided by a stone foundation.
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There is a natural stone color differences

There is a natural stone color differences, the same area, the same point in different parts of the mine will have different colors. And customers are looking for color but also stressed the importance of consistent, which requires from the choice of materials, nesting, color layout to select parts of the same product in a color different, for the time being can only do the inventory, enable enterprises to increase costs , the internal structure of the uneven distribution of natural stone produced color line, stain, sweeping flowers, from the appearance of blocks can not see, only after sawing know. How to make rational use of inventory and substandard products, they are turning waste into treasure, using the product surface (superficial 1 ~ 3mm) staining, can effectively change this problem.
Staining principle: because of natural stone with cracks, pores, tiny holes, it is easy to absorb external erosion. Therefore, the use of this principle, the penetrant increases the required color scheme, modulated with the same dye color of stone products, the stone surface dyed.
At present, the dye is divided into two kinds: one is deployed well, are sold on the market, and the other is required under the stone color configuration.
First, the stone needs to be stained the following conditions: Color a little different; but the product pattern, grain, lines should remain basically the same; stone colors lighter, and does not stain the color difference is not great; only by the light dyed a dark color.
Complete staining: is the color of the stone and the stone is not dyed colors are different, that is, partial block of stone the color of light, the surface of the product need to do all the coloring process, so that the darker staining, and not exactly the same color stain the stone.
Local staining: refers to the product (block products) processing surface appears in two colors, namely yin and yang of color in the dyeing can only do partial dyeing, the dyeing of light, in order to achieve the same effect.
Batch dyeing: refers to the production and processing of a project out of the stone color is not bright, dark colors, for all the dyeing process, the colors bright, the surface appearance.
Color lines, spots, sweeping flowers dyeing: refers to the product appear light color, stain, flowers and products within the sweep of a grain and color, but the distribution is uneven, in a line, a small box, a a large site, local optimization can be stained, use of the product of several colors, modulated into several dyes, respectively, for the description of several dye staining points (every 2 ~ 3mm), to achieve its purpose of dyeing.
Staining: staining of the stone will be arranged on the floor one by one, the surface dirt, stains, impurities such as cleaned, and then with a hair dryer to dry the water stone, the best way is to stone in the sun, prolonged sun exposure This will stain easily absorbed into the stone to go.
Wear gloves, cotton cloth stained with dye (liquid) rubbed on the surface of stone and watch the effect, if the color is not in place, can be 2, 3, rubbed several times, until you are satisfied. In general, rubbed 1 to 2 times that will achieve quality requirements. Color to meet the requirements, the steel surface of the cotton the stone to remove stains, then rinse with water.
Example 1: Beijing Star River engineering, light brown net, finished products, the products and the obvious color difference between the products, colors dim, according to the product's color modulation dye, dyeing process, the color difference for a small stain they meet the requirements; will be significantly lighter color of the stain several times, to achieve the desired color quality; yin and yang colors of products, the local focus stained with good results. It should be noted: the need to be caught with the same plastic dyed product deployment subdued colors, otherwise, stained with black plastic would fill the place.
Example 2 Huangyan Financial and Taxation Project: Name Royal Brown arc plate, the product of a light brown coloration, some parts appear light brown, the color distribution is based on the product, with light brown, light black, light yellow trace (not obvious). We use the black dye in a light color on the trace point staining (left and right describe what every 2mm), can be formed due to light black and light brown black, several of the stain to achieve the desired results, from the outside has been do not see the light color, stain, brush flowers. These nonconforming turning waste into wealth, saving resources for the enterprise.
Stone is a new technology, dyeing, dyeing products to maintain consistent color, with bright colors, highlight color, without any negative impact, staining and color to maintain long-term change.
Prevention of stone water spots (stains) pollution proposal
Quality of stone

Construction using natural stone

Natural stone, natural color, variety, with a simple and elegant, graceful decorative effect, by building designers and home decoration consumers.
Construction using natural stone, is the greatest respect for the city, a city of culture and taste, often those with the city's classic architecture with the growth reflected the glory of natural stone building construction.
Natural stone is generally used for road paving materials and yard. As the versatility of natural stone and its color, shape, texture diversity as a natural stone landscaping materials have become popular. Natural stone for landscaping can be designed into the countryside, the classic or formal variety of styles.
A craftsman in any yard or building materials store you can see the natural stone. The use of natural stone, including pebbles, sidewalk or driveway paving stones, gravel, stones, stone and pavers. The price of natural stone depends on your area and local stone resources. For example, 1 inch thick slate in Arizona to 200 U.S. dollars / ton, and 1 inch thick slate Lompoc will have to spend over $ 300 / ton.
Use of natural stone to beautify the environment is ideal, although it makes the whole look more seductive. Other common uses of natural stone, including driveway, patio stone table, stairs, benches and so on.
The natural stone used in landscaping when the stone depends on the choice of decorative purposes. For example, the porch, reception and entertainment of local stone with smooth surface should be used to accommodate various foot wear shoes, especially high heels. The stone steps you need to choose the ground is not slippery when wet stone.
Similarly, the smooth stone yard or restaurants, the table is the ideal choice. The stone used in the dining area is a small hole or surface is not easy to absorb grease and stains the stone.
Color is natural stone used in landscaping is another important aspect of natural stone colors can enhance the overall appearance and sense of space. In dark places, you can use such kind of light-colored stone Idahoquartzite. On the other hand, you can use dark gray or chocolate-colored stone to reduce the brightness of the sun.
The role of natural stone landscaping not only used to highlight the sidewalk or other similar purposes, but also for the beautification of other attractions, such as ponds, waterfalls, retaining walls, etc. Natural stone can also be used to prevent soil erosion and used as a lane on the security fence.
Natural stone landscaping increasingly popular because of the appearance of stone for most of the houses. In formal and informal landscape design can be used, the key is selecting from a variety of natural stone for the overall body style of the kind of housing.
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Natural Stone Cleaning

Recognizing the type of stone surface stains is the key to clearly remove blots.If you do not know what leads to stains generation,you must check and determine carefully.If the stain dry paper must dry with paper.If not, immediately,the stain will spread.First use
a mild soap water scrub and then followed with washing water for several times.Finally dry with soft cloth.If you need to scrub a few times and try on again.If the stain is still necessary to use other means to remove.Stains on the stone surface usually can be appropriate cleaned with cleaning product or household chemical agent.These chemical agent has a dose requirement.It must fit a certain standard.Otherwise the agent contains various erosion components.If Natural Stone Cleaning necessary,you can process cleaning work in everyday for a certain time.Thus it will keep a long lasting natural beauty.

Stone Repair Materials

Italian marble & Spanish tiles

How to use natural stone ornament kitchen

Wash in life, cooking all need to use water, the kichen has become a easy to damp places; In the kitchen cooking when still can appear high temperature and lampblack, the kitchen need not only moistureproof, fire prevention, and solve the clean up the dirt deposited by lampblack. Accordingly, decorate the kitchen should not only pay attention to keep good, and the appropriate choose and buy vents of building materials product.

Ground material: should not use natural stone material

Some families in order to achieve indoor ground material, the unity of the kitchen also is such as granite, marble, etc with natural stone material. Although these stone material is durable, luxuriant and beautiful, but natural stone material not waterproof, long time have water splashed down in the floor will deepen point of material of stone of color, become painted face. If large area is wet, will be slippery. The kitchen of wet ground isn't suitable natural stone material. Real wood floor, aggrandizement floor process has been improved, although the most fatal weakness but still afraid of the water and the deformation of tide. At present in the kitchen with more material or prevent slippery ceramic tile or the brick, both economical and practical. Remind: in the kitchen decorate material choose and buy should fully consider moistureproof function.

Metope: scrub ceramic tile popular resistance

The wall of the kitchen should choose and buy, it is not easy for clean with the wall materials, and oil refractory, thermal deformation etc. At present, the selection of fire plastic wallpaper, processed, but such as fire prevention board of the most popular is still a variety of designs is various, the ceramic tile can active kitchen vision. Ceramic tile of unique physical stability, high temperature resistant, easy to scrub characteristics are it long been in the kitchen metope material of reason.

Top material: gusset plate and preventing deformation

No matter what kind of material is qualitative, choose the ceiling must fire prevention and deformation. At present the market more of the kitchen with the ceiling is plastic gusset plate and aluminum gusset plate. Plastic gusset plate relative cheap price, selection of design and color less. Aluminous gusset plate is very beautiful, common square plate and strip, spraying color rich board, choose room is big, but the price is more expensive, every square metre 100 yuan to 150 yuan. If the absorb dome light, in the lamp in the ceiling set to make interlayer, in case of the ceiling lamp produce heat baked deformation.

China stone industry trend

Consumers like marble

Natural stone material has radiation

With the improvement of living standards, the people to the requirements of the living environment more and more high, ego to protect consciousness also more and more strong. Adornment material, the radioactive factors also then caused the people highly, especially of material of Natural stone of radiation factor. And according to reporter in the related departments to understand, in fact most of the Natural stone and tile radioactive radiation intensity is in the normal range, that is, in the national standard that limit ratio, to human body in without any harm. However, there are also part of the stone material manufacturer standardization glance, will be no sense radioactive factors of product quality as the evaluation index, thus lead to individual high radioactive stone products into the market, if used to the bedroom interior surface, will likely cause harm to human body influence or even.

Most radioactive radiation intensity in the standard stone products within

Why decoration materials will be radioactive? Shaanxi environmental supervision and radiation data to a song introduces, the earth and all creatures any material with natural radioactive nuclide in all rocks, there are different levels of radionuclide uranium and thorium, potassium, radium. Igneous rock (such as granite) of radionuclide content than metamorphic sedimentary rock, a slightly higher, but some stone products radioactive radiation intensity of high or low also cannot treat as the same, and also in place of origin and in the geological structure has the direct relation.

Ceramic tile clay, in mixed with sand, slag or industrial wastes and other materials, with glaze surface of the brick (contains rare earth elements by sintering and into.) Ceramic tile radioactive radiation intensity height decide in materials and coating of radioactive and glaze from different areas and different kinds of ceramic tile radioactive vary. In the near future, the province to the local environmental supervision and administer station radiation sales of the 100 stone material ceramic tile of products were free, sampling percent of pass is higher, testing that stone products on the market are radioactive within the normal range.

A kind of product can be at ease use

According to zhang song let introduction, 2001 promulgated for implementation of the construction material radionuclide national standard ", according to the different radioactive level will be adornment material is divided into A, B and C 3 kinds of products. Among them, A kind of adornment material production and use scope unrestrained; B kind decorates material not used for Ⅰ kind of civil building (it is to point to as house, an old, day care centers, hospitals and schools and other buildings; in addition, Ⅱ kind of civil building means such as shopping malls, stadium, bookstores, hotel, office building, library, cultural entertainment, the exhibition hall and public transportation waiting room and public places such as building) interior surface, can only be used for Ⅰ kind of civil building outside facing and other buildings of all inside and outside facing; C decoration materials can be used for the building only surface decoration and outdoor other purposes.

A song let suggest that consumers, buying adornment stone products to the businessman to the province (autonomous region, municipality directly under the central government) radiation detection unit level of the test report. Should pay attention to whether the original report for the name and stone commodity should be businessman with stores and buy commodity conform to, and to pay attention to test results, if is A category of products, can be at ease use.

Artificial stone of the application fields

Cultural marble mesa of maintenance

Why natural stone material popular

Natural stone natural beauty, but a lot of praise when a lady from the Middle East to stand in a transformation of the kitchen to look at the center of the new black marble stage face plate of natural stone material, appreciate those of France, the words of praise and is not very persuasive. "Natural stone material is like the family jewels," the woman said the same.
Indeed, select the Granite, Marble, hole stone and other natural stone products as a jewelry store to pick the high-quality goods as jewelry. The beauty of nature and jewelry quality only in powerful microscope can be identified. However, for the natural stone material, we will see the naked eye. If want to make indoor more features, in choosing a panel, bath wash basin, bath and indoor other file, the floor ZhuangXiuWu stone, natural stone material is a good choice. When homeowners adopted by natural stone material, he or she was sure that he or she houses the use of stone material is the unique, is can't completely copy.
In addition to its natural beauty, and the unique, natural stone material also has many characteristics, such as durability, and multi-functional, easy to clean sex, etc. At the same time, for those who want the finished housing product or the kitchen and bathroom secondhand the room in the morden homeowners, are in the architectural decoration building owners, natural stone material is a good choice. When selling houses, natural stone material selection of the value of the building itself increased. In fact, the survey shows, those who transfer of second-hand housing homeowners spend in transforming a house, the use of natural stone material costs to total modification cost between 80% to 86%.
Obviously, natural stone material is never out of date, at present, the natural stone material is the world people is decorating the kitchen and bathroom first selection material, and every year double-digit growth.
The quality of the natural stone material to learn more, the more help to the new kitchen and bathroom decorate or of the kitchen of reform of the material a wise choice.
In addition to natural stone material available for consumer choice, in addition to a wider range of the material: plastic laminate, stainless steel, concrete and quartz, etc. Quartz material can be used in 30 DuoZhong different brand, and the brand HuSong fat, usually by mixing colorful pigments and other materials such as mother oysters, mirror fragments, and products such as stones of quartz made of small particles. According to the application of the kitchen and bathroom, other than natural stone material may be more homeowners welcome, depending on the budget, the homeowner's horizon, use and are expected to consider the appearance of the visual effect, etc.
But these materials are not really natural or enough to let a person produce complain. "In the other parts of the world you can't find and this exactly the same stage face plate." As those sales DuoZhong architectural decoration materials. Also is when these natural stone material and the competitive the natural stone material product and display in the customer, and most of the customers will sight choice from the nature of the items reasons.
Natural stone material is no longer day price
The truth is this: the natural stone material the natural characteristics can be through the family and the transformation of the building reshape big buildings show. In most cases, and those who apply to stage face plate, bath wash basin, such as floor brick of a file, bath the stone material of high quality material than natural stone material price is much cheaper.
The reason is: supply and demand and the demand is continuously increasing, and the development of technology of. Stone industry continues to flourish and become a recent natural stone material industry globalization. The new part of the technological progress and new mines the continuous development, not only lead to India, Brazil, Spain, China stone output surge, and the American stone material production are also growing. As from the United States, Italy and other traditional granite, marble and other natural stone material supplier in the world, for the increase of the consumption of the amount of stone products enough to let the world, enjoy the slowly. Can say natural stone is inexhaustible, use on the.
In the past, stone material industrial consciousness has the potential to stone material resources, but the stone from the mine mined cost high enough to flinch. And in other industries, as well as the natural stone manufacturers and suppliers, thus improving the technology of the stone from the mine mined, the stone material cutting into SLATE, and carry on the processing polished for family assembly and eventually the installation of use.
This is the kitchen and bathroom professionals recommend using natural stone material causes.
Natural stone material unique?
In a word, the time is remote, with a long length. The mother earth to create natural stone material on time if not hundreds of millions of years of words, at least have millions of years. Influence natural stone material form and color of the final stone, there are many factors. These factors include, underground springs, mineral accumulation, the change of soil, temperature, the dissolution of the nature and as time changes, by the other aspects of the stress. Obviously, in the laboratory or manufacturing environment, these factors are unable to copy.
Because rock formation conditions are different, so as to waste from the mining of material also has different.
From stone mining to application of a series of link, human almost no what role the stone. In the characteristics and natural beauty show come out, in the process of the people involved in quite a few. Even when the stone from the mines were moved to elsewhere, the needs of human after only cut and polished processes. By external forces is can't change stone inherent the natural characteristics. It is the leading cause of natural stone material design, color diversity of colorful reasons. Indeed, some of the common stone material design type looks like, in fact, as no two are the same.
Different natural stone material used in different kitchen and bathroom
With the wide application of natural stone material, people realize that the color of the stone material and material of the diversity. The kitchen and bathroom professional personage can design according to the customers want appearance and properties to provide them with all sorts of material and color.
The kitchen counter panel: granite, as the world's most hard data, is one of the kitchen counter panel and other endurance larger facing decorate the most welcome choice. These granite durable, easy maintenance, and suitable for all kinds of color and style. At the same time, marble and SLATE and a panel of the use of quite a good choice.
The kitchen and the porch of the ceramic tile floor: granite durable nature of the kitchen floor will make more energetic. The characteristics of beautiful and elegant marble raised people welcome. Marble stripe style and colorful design for added a few delicate. Marble has strong moistureproof function, especially choice floor brick material, the marble is the ideal choice. Beautiful wood grain shape stone paint hole for the floor of choose will add a few minutes of classical atmosphere.
The bathroom: the bathroom wall decoration, shower room, the floor of material selection, etc, the natural stone material, can say marble is the most popular. This not only to the marble beautiful, strong resistance to wet sex, also thanks to the marble to protect raises a gender.
Other indoor applications
In addition to the above account to several of the stone, the other natural stone material such as stone, sand, limestone, hole stone, the application of the kitchen, for the hall, stair and fireplace adds a few minutes of wall etc originality.
Natural stone material and a character--easy clean
The main advantage of the natural stone material is easily one of clean. Just some warm water wash dish, neutral liquid and a piece of soft cloth can maintenance most natural stone material appearance, and its beautiful keep DuoNian. With stain, only carelessly from stone supplier that gain some plasters mixture, the stain will clear at all. A new study shows that, marble, granite and man-made stone hillock in decontamination has the same ability.
2006 years of Minneapolis, Minnesota medical institutions technology conducted a study. The study on the market by use of the four kinds of wider stage face plate, two kinds of granite, marble, a comprised a decontamination ability of comparative study, that the four mesa clean and easy to comply with us the FDA, the food and drug administration referred to the surface cleaning) standard surface down 5 a grade logarithm bacteria.
In global terms, four kinds of material after cleaning and drift net after data showed the four materials in bacteria reduce on the no different medical institutions, "the director of the horse. ShiNa, Europe. DE," said dr this means test used in several different stage face plate in guarantee food security decontamination ability no gap. Sponsored by the American association of marble, this study suggests that the typical stone material is easily clean stage face plate, and meet FDA regulation of food contact surface down to safety standards. "
As early as in 1999, dr snyder has a similar study of granite, and other materials, such as stainless steel, concrete, tile, wood and plastic board, etc, and that the research of granite decontamination ability is the strongest. And in 2006, the research is done the research in 1999 followup.
Granite stage face plate and other table-board difference
The granite stage face plate and other material make it a panel of such as quartz grain antibacterial, thermal resistance, resistance is the scraped, anti-fouling and overall performance and so on, we will find that compared the superiority of granite is incomparable. Unlike other stage face plate, granite heat resistance is the first-class, but in the kitchen applications have a need to important consideration of factors, and that is thermal performance. Reports show that when a quartz surface temperature of more than 360 degrees, quartz will fever burning. And other materials in the surface temperature is too high, may send sexual deformation, failure, fade, etc, to bring you great inconvenience. And, when suddenly the granite? The hot pot on granite surface, but won't appear what flaw, change is on the other materials would equate to above.
Granite is other causes of favour
Granite is the hardest one of the materials, and resistance to wipe scraping the ability is very strong. And resistance to wipe scraping the sex is the kitchen decorate material selection need to consider a very important factor.
Many people think that granite stage face plate to seal, so as to keep the user's peace of mind and have another kind of additional protection, the fact is the opposite. Most granite in direct sunlight will not fade, and other synthetic materials panel in the sun would be easy to fade. When granite table-board accidentally touch the stain or wear, it usually was able to return to close to the original appearance and USES. And other material can not achieve the effect. Finally, whether in indoor or outdoor, granite all belong to a universal material, the most suitable for new popular outdoor kitchen. Now, we have a more fully granite know, choose granite will no longer is a difficult thing to do. After all, these natural stone material is nature millions of years of product.

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Ambry mesa of natural stone material prevention and treatment method

A, the formation of rusty spot pitting mainly by the iron in the stone by the oxidation reaction and into. Iron, water, and oxygen to form is pitting the three big essential factors. Usually, we according to different levels of natural reaction will be divided into two categories: the (a) deep rusty spot. A lot of stone material breed especially granite contain a certain proportion of iron ingredients, when these iron composition and water and oxygen after full access, it would cause oxidation reaction, generating rusty spot. Very easy to appear this kind of natural stone material such as: American white linen, shandong white linen (floret), rust stone (SLATE), etc. In addition, the cement alkali in water under the function of stone material and the iron in the reaction, will be rusty spot.
(2) the surface rusty spot. Stone in mining, processing, transportation, and installation process, surface and iron objects after contact with a iron residue, these iron residue will and moisture in the air, the oxygen to produce oxidation reaction and the generated rusty spot.
Second, the processing of the processing of rusty spot pitting method is mainly used to studied for processing. In processing, derusting should pay attention to the following: (a) try to avoid using oxalic acid direct cleaning stone rusty spot, because the rusty spot simply oxalate (Fe2 +) REDOX, oxidation reduction of iron ion remains not stability, it is easy to water and oxygen in the air and oxidation reaction to generate again, and will rust as oxalic acid solution flow and further expand the area of the rusty spot. This is why when using oxalic acid derusting the rusty spot in the bigger the more, in addition to reason.
(2) choose studied, must choose good quality stone products. Because good studied the ingredients except acid, and I add other than adequate additives to keep REDOX reaction to the stability of iron ions. Use this studied the rusty spot even if not treated do protective processing, also can keep a long time can't recurrence. Instead, some studied some acid mixture is simple, and can't keep REDOX reaction to the stability of iron ions, and the recurrence rate is high.
(3) of marble and granite because of different ingredients, is not the same as the nature. Marble ingredient for calcium carbonate, in alkaline; The granite mainly consists of silica, in acid. So, be sure to use studied want to distinguish marble and granite studied studied. Granite studied absolutely can't used for marble rusty spot treatment.
(4) surface treatment, just fired with studied in the surface coating can brush. Sometimes, also can use surface grinding &polishing methods to solve the; The relative to deal with deep rusty spot is more complex, need to keep certain dose and reaction time. Sometimes you need to be repeated use to reach the ideal effect.
(5) stone in use after construction, studied and then rinse advice again, after drying must use high quality stone conservation agent well protection processing. Purpose is to completely remove oxidation reaction of the residue after, prevent oxidation reaction again.
Three, rusty spot of prevention of rusty spot according to prevent major is the formation of the three elements of water, oxygen, iron effective control. Combined with the management of DuoNian experience, we will prevent rusty spot the main effective method summarized as the following: 1. The stone in construction before, must adopt high quality stone conservation agent on the stone material for six surface protection processing, blocking stone material and the water in the iron contact.
2. Try to avoid using high alkaline cement for the stone material cementation construction, reduce the alkali and stone cement in the reaction of opportunities. Iron
3. Try to reduce the volume of water used when construction.
4. (mass) and avoid iron acid and alkaline substances direct contact with stone material.
5. To iron rich stone varieties, recommended dry hanging method, so as to avoid the construction of wet construction method.

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