The use of granite with a long history, but the industrialized production only decades of history. Especially in 70 s, many modern science and technology, new results to the stone, such as synthetic diamond tools, automation equipment and the application of computer technology, makes the processing hard granite also like processing wood euqally follow one's inclinations, the world granite yield, dosage is growing fast. The output of granite in the stone a proportion of the total output from 1976 to 1994 19.1% 46.6%.
In 1996, the total output of the world stone 4 above 9 million t, nearly five years at an average rate of about 9.7%, granite product of 3 million t 2 above. The main production state-owned: China, India, Brazil, South Africa, Spain, Finland, Norway, the United States, Italy, Portugal, South Korea, Germany and other countries, in 1996 China granite material production waste 2.95 million m3, folding weighs about 8 million t, yield occupies the world first place.
In China, the production of granite long are small handicraft production, main products are built LuShi, Bridges, DAMS, building structure of rough machining stone used. Granite stone material for decoration, on a large scale of industrial production, from the late 1980 s, rise up. China facing granite plank production in 1981 for 27000 m2, 1985 m2, in 1990 for the 189000 5.733 million m2, 1995 of 162 million m2. 15 years granite plank production growth in 000 times, up to now, our country and the granite mining and processing industry with higher speed development still.
(a) granite material waste (undressed ore) production situation
Granite mine is widely distributed in China, mining technology relative to other mineral relatively easy, along with the reform and opening-up, the socialist market economic prosperity, granite and mining industry rapid development, all around the country built all forms of enterprise. Ownership form has universal, the collective and private, sino-foreign joint venture, sole proprietorship, joint management, etc.
According to statistics, in 1996 the national a certain scale of granite mining enterprise 3 more than 200 families, with the collective and private enterprise about 2 many 500, township enterprises with ownership by the above and the many 600, larger three-capital enterprise about many 100. Granite and mining industry employs some 152000 people, gross industrial output value of about 100 more than one hundred million yuan.
China mine mining technology and equipment in granite a DuoZhong form, have a few mine using large loader, bulldozer, heavy duty truck development transport; waste material Mining the use of advanced to hydraulic drill, smooth the posture drilled row, hydraulic fracturing machines, flame injection machine, etc, mine cut rock scale, the process of production mechanization, high production efficiency, waste materials in the granite block, shape rules; A part of the larger granite mine with domestic medium develop transportation equipment, mining equipment, controlling blasting such practical technology, equipment, the production efficiency is high, the more waste materials for medium piece of degrees, shape rules; Most small and medium-sized granite mining the simple equipment, such as farm tractors, manual gourd, hand-held drill machine, drilling and while manual play wedge, shoulder carried by hand and homework, this kind of method of mining investment less quick effect, the production cost is low, but from waste of material for small granite, appearance is more irregular, mining waste of resources, low return more severe.
China has found that there are 100 DuoGe varieties of granite, there are around without the geological exploration and mining, but has a product supply market breed, according to the stone magazine statistics, China's actual production of granite has 410 DuoGe varieties. In 80 in fujian province DuoGe varieties, granite shandong province have 45 varieties, zhejiang province has 40 DuoGe varieties, guangdong province have 30 DuoGe varieties.
Due to the relevant departments of China has not made the statistics, lack of granite material waste official data output. From the Chinese stone material industrial association relevant data and granite various products 1996 annual production and export waste material waste, material inventory turnover situation, and other comprehensive analysis, China 1996 granite is just about 2.95 million m3 waste material.
(2) the type of granite products
Granite products from application classification, can be divided into: building materials, decoration class of art, life appliance class, industrial equipment class, the burial of supplies.
Building materials category includes building structure with granite products, architectural with granite products.
Artistic decoration class include all sorts of granite sculpture, monuments, etc.
Life appliance category includes toilet, kitchen work with mesa, all kinds of granite furniture.
Industrial equipment category includes all kinds of acid and alkali resistance trough, pipe, pool, measurement equipment etc.
The burial of products including tombstone, tomb stone column, etc.
China's foreign trade export commodity classification for: granite granite monument, refers to waste and material directly by mining, have not produced further processing of the wool; Granite building plank and stones, refers to sawing even after polishing of granite products; polished Granite stone product, refers to various art stone carving, after the carved building component; Granite products, refers to various special-shaped products, such as pipe, column, groove, etc.
(3) granite products of the production status
Before the 1980 s, China's granite processing industry are in a long time, technology and equipment backward state of handicraft products production, varieties, are less, behind the marble processing industry, such as the 1981 marble granite adornment board production was 16 times as much as decorative plate production. In the mid 1980 s, so far the high-speed development of granite processing granite products output and exports are already in the world first place.
According to statistics, in 1996 the national a certain scale of granite processing enterprise 5 400. Gross industrial output value of about 180 more than one hundred million yuan, employs some 230000 DuoRen, and has formed an unprecedented scale.
From the granite enterprise structure look, in 5 400 DuoGe processing enterprise, township and town enterprise 1 500 more independent accounting DuoGe, sino-foreign joint ventures and wholly foreign-owned enterprise DuoGe; 200 From the production scale look, produces the ability in 100000 m2 / a enterprise of above 60 DuoGe, more than 90% of the enterprise production capacity in 20000 m2 / a following, most enterprise production scale is small.
From the granite processing enterprise's equipment level see, about 90% of the enterprise is used more backward disk saw machine and hand the stone mill, the production efficiency is low, just can produce width in 600 mm the following specification board, the precision of products and glossiness is low. About 10% of the enterprise to use high automation of large frame type sand saw and automatic successive polished polishing the unit into automatic production line, and can produce width 1 500 mm in the big board; more than granite There are parts of the enterprise to use more than by two-way cutting machine and automatic saw blades for polish polishing machine, many knives cutting machine, edge grinding chamfering machine, automatic production line, the production of thickness of 10 mm of granite thin plate, the product accuracy and high gloss.
The national granite slabs production capacity of about 200 million m2 / a, the industry an annual production capacity of 162 million m2 and highest 1996 granite processing enterprise plank production and 5.58 million m2.
China's total output in the world also granite board first.
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